Shandong Qidu Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.

[Indications and Clinical use]: For energy and body fluid supplement.

[Strength]: 500ml: 50g, 500ml: 25g, 400ml: 20g, 250ml: 25g

250ml: 12.5g, 200ml: 10g, 100ml: 10g, 100ml: 5g, 50ml: 5g, 50ml: 2.5g

Product Name: Dextrose Injection

Main ingredients and chemical name: Dextrose

Molecular formula: C₆H₁₂O₆•H₂O

Molecular weight: 198.17

[Character]: The product is colorless or almost colorless clear liquid, with sweet flavor.

[Pharmacology and toxicity]

Dextrose is one of the heat origin for human body, 16.7kJ heat can be produced from one gram dextrose, so dextrose is usually be used for the supplement of heat and treatment of hypoglycaemia. When administered together with insulin by phleboclysis, because the synthesis of glucogen must be joined with potassium, thus the potassium enter into cell to make the concentration of potassium-plasma decreased, the dextrose injection can be used for the treatment of hyperpotassemia. Dextrose injection is administered fast intravenously can make tissue dehydrate, so the product can be used as dehydrating agent. Moreover, dextrose is main material which can maintain and adjust osmotic pressure of peritoneum dialysate.

[Pharmacokinetics]

Dextrose administered by phleboclysis usually entered the blood circulation directly. It is oxidized completely to produce CO₂ and H₂O and excreted by lung and kidney, accompanied with the production of heat. Available capacity of common people for dextrose is about 6mg/kg/minute.

[Indications]

(1) Used for supplement of energy and body liquid; used for the scarcity of feeding and body liquid caused by all cases (such as vomiting, diarrhea), intravenous hyperalimentation, ketosis;

(2) Hypoglycaemia;

(3) Hyperpotassemia;

(4) 50% Dextrose could be used as dehydrant for body tissue. ;

(5) Used for the preparation of peritoneum dialyszte;

(6) Used as medicine diluent;

(7) Used for the test of dosis tolerate of dextrose administered by phleboclysis;

(8) Used for the preparation of GIK.

[Dosage and administration]

(1) Heat supplement: When the patients take little food or even can not take food for some causes, 25% dextrose injection can be administered by phleboclysis, as well as the body fluid was supplied. The dose can be estimated according to the heat energy on demand.

(2) Intravenous hyperalimentation treatment: Dextrose is one of the most important energy materials when used with this method. For the non-protein heat, the proportion of the heat supplied by dextrose and fat is 2:1, and the clinical dosage should be estimated according to the heat supplement on demand. As per the requirement of liquid supplement, the dextrose can be prepared to get the injection with the different concentration ranged 25~50%, and the insulin can be added from necessity, the quantity of insulin is 1 unit vs 5~10g. Since the administration of high-concentration dextrose solution is irritative for the vein, at the same time adipose emulsion should be used, the large vein is usually elected to drip by intravenous.

(3) For hypoglycemia, 50% dextrose injection with the dose 20~40ml may be administered by mainline for the serious firstly.

(4) For ketosis, 5~25% dextrose injection is administered by drip for the serious and 100g daily can control the disease.

(5) For the isotonia dehydration, 5% dextrose injection can be administered by drip.

(6) For hyperpotassemia, 10~25% dextrose injection, and every2~4g dextrose combined with 1 unit insulin is administered by drip can reduce the concentration of serum potassium. But this method only lead to the potassium from outside cell to the inner, and the total potassium in body remain unchangeable.  If any actions are not taken to excrete the potassium, there still exists the possibility of hyperpotassemia.

(7) For tissue dehydration, high-concentration dextrose injection (usually 50% dextrose injection) should be administered fleetly by intravenous injection with the dose 20~50ml, but the effect may be very temporary. And during the clinical usage hyperglycemia should be avoided, and this method is seldom used at present. When used for the adjustment of osmosis pressure of peritoneum dialyszte, 50% dextrose injection with the dose 20ml can make the osmosis pressure 1L increase 55mOsm/kgH₂O.

[Side-effect]

(1) Phlebitis may happen when high-concentration dextrose injection was administered by drip, but the occurrence rate will decrease when administered to the large vein.

(2) Exosmosis of high-concentration dextrose injection may lead to locality gall.

(3) Reactive hypoglycemia: when administered combined with insulin with overdose, reactive hypoglycemia may happen for the patients with original hypoglycemia tendency and when intravenous hyperalimentation treatment was ceased suddenly.

(4) Hyperglycemia non-ketosis coma: it is usually happened when the high-concentration was administered or intravenous hyperalimentation treatment was used for the patients who with the diabetes, stress condition, with the treatment of high-dose glucocorticoid, or for the patients who received peritoneal dialysis